Asymmetric encryption, or public key cryptography, uses a pair of keys to secure communications and verify authenticity. This beginner’s guide explains RSA, ECC, Diffie-Hellman key exchange, and digital signatures like DSA and ECDSA, helping you understand how modern cryptography protects our digital world.

HTTPS uses TLS encryption to keep your online activities private and secure. This beginner-friendly guide explains how TLS works, the difference between SSL and TLS, the role of Perfect Forward Secrecy and Certificate Authorities, and how encryption extends to VPNs, Wi-Fi, and the future internet with QUIC and TLS 1.3.

Encryption at rest safeguards data stored on devices, servers, and in the cloud. This guide explains file, full disk, and database encryption, cloud security models, encrypted backups, enterprise key management, and secure deletion practices to keep sensitive information safe.

Zero-knowledge proofs let one party prove a statement is true without revealing any other information. This guide explains how they work, their benefits and limitations, and how they relate to other advanced security methods like homomorphic encryption, multi-party computation, post-quantum cryptography, and lightweight IoT encryption.

Brute force and side-channel attacks target encryption in different ways—one through raw computation, the other by exploiting hardware leaks. This beginner’s guide explains these threats, along with MITM attacks, padding oracles, cryptographic backdoors, and quantum computing risks, while offering practical strategies to strengthen security.

Encryption is a cornerstone of modern data protection, but its role in compliance varies across industries and borders. This article explains how GDPR, HIPAA, PCI-DSS, and national standards like FIPS 140-3 shape encryption practices, the impact of export controls, and sector-specific approaches in finance and government—plus a look at the debates over key escrow and open vs proprietary standards.

The FCC’s August 2025 submarine cable reforms fast-track trusted projects, bar high-risk foreign entities, and align with parallel EU and ITU initiatives. Together, these moves mark a decisive shift toward treating undersea fibre as a strategic, defended asset in global tech competition.

The FCC’s August 2025 submarine cable licensing overhaul is more than a procedural update - it signals a shift in how the U.S. treats the physical infrastructure of the internet. By fast-tracking trusted projects and locking out high-risk players, Washington is redrawing the geopolitical map of global connectivity and setting new standards for digital trust.

The FCC has overhauled U.S. submarine cable rules for the first time in nearly 25 years, fast-tracking trusted projects while blocking adversary-controlled entities, notably from China, from connecting to U.S. networks. With 99% of global internet traffic and $10 trillion in daily transactions flowing through these undersea arteries, the move marks a decisive shift toward treating subsea cables as strategic assets in the U.S. - China technology rivalry.

Hypervisors have become the hidden backbone of modern telecom networks, enabling NFV, 5G, and edge computing. This deep dive explores their history, architecture, benefits, risks, and the AI-driven future of telco clouds.