Using the Friis/FSPL framework, we compare GEO, LEO and VLEO to show why very-low altitudes unlock satellite-to-phone and efficient backhaul. We walk through dB-level examples, highlight real-world losses, and map the board-level trade-offs in power, antennas and spectrum.

VLEO satellites sit closer to users than classic LEO, delivering better link budgets and lower latency — perfect for direct-to-device and resilient backhaul. But atmospheric drag, atomic oxygen, and duty-cycle propulsion make VLEO a different business. This brief explains the tech, risks, economics, and the 2025 regulatory context.

As technology disruption reshapes every sector, boards increasingly seek non-executive directors (NEDs) who bring digital fluency. A technology-savvy NED can bridge the gap between governance and innovation, offering critical oversight on cyber risks, AI adoption, and infrastructure resilience. This blog explores the qualities boards prioritise when appointing a digital NED and why such appointments have become boardroom essentials.

Choosing the right non-executive director (NED) has never been more critical. In 2026, boards face technology disruption, investor scrutiny, and geopolitical complexity. This article outlines how to approach the NED search strategically, what qualities to prioritise, the interview questions that reveal true value, and the red flags to avoid. A must-read for any board beginning its NED appointment process.

Appointing a non-executive director (NED) requires investment, but the returns can be significant. This article explores the typical cost of hiring a NED, how remuneration varies across sectors and geographies, and why boards and investors see real value when the right NED is in place.

Finding the right non-executive director (NED) is a critical step for any board. This article explains the main routes to sourcing NED candidates, from executive search firms to investor networks, and highlights the pros and cons of each approach.

Board agendas are being reshaped by three forces: ESG, cybersecurity and AI. Non-executive directors (NEDs) must now demonstrate literacy in these areas to retain investor confidence and regulatory credibility. This article explores why these skills are essential, how boards assess them, and what future-ready NEDs look like.

M&A and investment decisions can define the future of a company. Boards need non-executive directors (NEDs) who bring experience in capital raising, private equity and corporate deals. This article sets out how to identify NED candidates with investment and M&A expertise, why they matter, and what boards should expect from them.

For growing businesses, appointing a full-time non-executive director (NED) may not be practical. Fractional and interim NEDs offer a flexible alternative — bringing governance, strategy and investor confidence without the long-term cost. This article explores why demand for part-time NEDs is rising, how they work in practice, and when boards should consider them.

Interviewing non-executive director (NED) candidates requires a different approach from executive recruitment. Boards must uncover independence, strategic foresight, and governance fluency. This article sets out the ten essential questions every board should ask prospective NEDs — and explains what strong answers look like.